pytest 使用

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pytest 上手比较简单.

环境

Python

最好在工作目录建个虚拟环境:

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python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

pytest

安装

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pip install pytest

资源

文档

在线文档
PDF
想要运行示例,看在线文档第一页就行.
想要系统学习,个人感觉看PDF文档比较好.

帮助

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pytest --help

可以看到所有的命令行参数及输入输出控制.
其中有一个比较重要的参数可以详细看看:

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general:
  -k EXPRESSION         only run tests which match the given substring expression. An
                        expression is a python evaluatable expression where all names
                        are substring-matched against test names and their parent
                        classes. Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all
                        test functions and classes whose name contains 'test_method'
                        or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those
                        that don't contain 'test_method' in their names. -k 'not
                        test_method and not test_other' will eliminate the matches.
                        Additionally keywords are matched to classes and functions
                        containing extra names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set,
                        as well as functions which have names assigned directly to
                        them. The matching is case-insensitive.

pytest 默认会collect test_.py 或者 _test.py module 中 以test为前缀的function 或者以Test为前缀的class中以test为前缀的function(no init),
通过这个参数可以自定义控制

示例

入门例子

在工作目录新建:test_sample.py

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# test_sample.py
def inc(x):
    return x + 1

def test_answer():
    assert inc(3) == 5

当前目录运行:
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pytest

便可以看到report.

Report 示例

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(venv) ➜  ln_pytest pytest
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: ../ln_pytest
collected 5 items

test_cases1.py FF.                                                   [ 60%]
test_cases2.py F.                                                    [100%]

================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_answer ________________________________

    def test_answer():
>   	assert inc(3) == 5
E    assert 4 == 5
E     +  where 4 = inc(3)

test_cases1.py:10: AssertionError
_______________________________ test_answer2 _______________________________

    def test_answer2():
>   	assert inc(3) == 5
E    assert 4 == 5
E     +  where 4 = inc(3)

test_cases1.py:14: AssertionError
_______________________________ test_answer ________________________________

    def test_answer():
>       assert inc(3) == 5
E       assert 4 == 5
E        +  where 4 = inc(3)

test_cases2.py:10: AssertionError
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_cases1.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5
FAILED test_cases1.py::test_answer2 - assert 4 == 5
FAILED test_cases2.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5
======================= 3 failed, 2 passed in 0.39s ========================

Feature

用例(进入) 默认情况下自动发现关键词:“test”,
断言(判断) 灵活易懂

报告

依赖

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pip install allure-pytest
brew install allure

生成测试结果数据

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pytest --alluredir ./result/

将结果渲染到页面

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allure serve result -h 127.0.0.1 -p 8080

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